What is Myelopathy?
Myelopathy is a condition caused by compression or injury of the spinal cord, resulting in impaired communication between the brain and the rest of the body. It most commonly occurs in the cervical spine (neck), but may also affect the thoracic spine (mid-back).
Unlike radiculopathy, which affects an individual spinal nerve root, myelopathy affects the spinal cord itself and can lead to progressive neurologic deficits if left untreated.
What Are the Symptoms of Myelopathy?
Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of spinal cord compression. They often develop gradually but may worsen over time.
Common symptoms include:
- Loss of coordination and balance, including difficulty walking
- Decreased hand dexterity, such as difficulty buttoning clothing, writing, or opening jars
- Numbness, tingling, and/or weakness in the arms, hands, legs, or feet
- Neck, back, arm, or leg pain
- Tingling, numbness or weakening in the extremities
- Muscle stiffness or spasticity
- Abnormal or increased reflexes
What Causes Myelopathy?
Myelopathy occurs when the spinal cord becomes compressed or injured.
Common causes include:
- Cervical or thoracic spinal stenosis
- Herniated discs
- Degenerative disc disease
- Bone spurs (osteophytes)
- Thickened spinal ligaments
- Spinal trauma or fractures
- Tumors or cysts
- Spinal infections
- Inflammatory or autoimmune disorders affecting the spinal cord
- Previous radiation therapy involving the spine
How Is Myelopathy Diagnosed and Treated?
Your provider will review your medical history and perform a detailed neurologic examination to evaluate your strength, sensation, coordination, balance, reflexes, and gait. Diagnostic testing may include MRI, X-rays, CT scan, and nerve studies.
Treatment depends on the cause, location, and severity of spinal cord compression. Since myelopathy involves compression of the spinal cord, surgery is often recommended when there is progressive neurologic impairment, significant spinal cord compression, or worsening symptoms. The goal of surgery is to relieve pressure on the spinal cord, prevent further neurologic decline, and, when possible, improve function.
If you are experiencing balance problems, hand clumsiness, weakness, numbness, or difficulty walking, book an appointment or call Premier NeuroSpine Institute today. Our specialists will perform a comprehensive evaluation to determine the cause of your symptoms and develop a personalized treatment plan to protect your spinal cord, preserve neurologic function, and improve your quality of life.